Various Causes of Sexual Dysfunction

Impotence, also known as erectile dysfunction, defined as man's inability to obtain or maintain an erection long enough for it having sex with a partner. For some men, impotence because they can not let the sex.

Common Diseases That Cause Sexual Dysfunction

Occasional impotence is often is not seen as a problem, but when the impotence continues for some time, it can bring great spiritual suffering to both man and Partner. Common physical sickness cause impotence like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, poor blood circulation, prostate and spinal cord surgery, Parkinson's disease, thyroid and endocrine disorders, renal and liver disease, and Injuries resulting from falls, such as gymnastics and horse back riding.

How Erection Occurs

Since erection and maintain it requires the sequence of events takes place, which includes the transmission of nerve impulses in the brain, spine, and the area of the penis, and response muscles, fibrous tissues, veins and blood vessels, and about Corpora Cavernosa, impotence problems may occur if one Events suspended.

Drug May Cause Erectile Dysfunction

Drug therapy is one of the leading causes impotence. When the person takes prescription medication and should be impotent the drug can cause her libido decrease spiral.The the most common medications are linked to impotence antidepressants such as Zoloft, tranquilizers, blood pressure medicines, antihistamines, such as Clarinex or generic Allegra. A person's way of life has an important role in impotence. Indulging in negative behavior, which can damage the body and mind, such as smoking, excessive alcohol, drugs (particularly marijuana, heroin, cocaine and anabolic steroids), can not move, unhealthy diet and obesity can trigger impotence.

These practices affect the organs and stimulates the otherwise indifferent relevant activities. 20% and impotence cases can be the result of psychological issues, such as stress, anxiety, guilt, depression, low self-esteem, and fear of sexual impotence failure. The is the most common injury caused by vascular, smooth muscle and fibrous tissues, often the result of disease. The impotence is the most common damage arteries, smooth muscles and fibrous tissues, often the disease.

Know about Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital geart disease is the name given to heart disorders that are present when we are born. These conditions can be diagnosed before birth, immediately after birth or during childhood. Sometimes the condition is so minor that the symptoms don't show themselves until adolescence or adulthood.

What causes congenital heart disease?

If your child is born with a congenital heart disorder your first reaction will most probably be to ask, "Why me?", The answer is simply - we don't know. It's not a hereditary disease and there is no evidence to show that it is anything other than a matter of chance.

Classification of congenital defects

Common defects include:

• Abnormal blood vessels that restrict the flow of blood
• faulty valves that either restrict or block blood flow
• incorrect connections between heart, arteries and veins
• defects inthe partitions between the atria or the ventricles

The most common of these defects are:

Atrial septal defect (ASD): An opening between the twoatria (the top cardiac chambers) caused by a holle in the atrial septum.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD): An opening between the two ventricles (the lower cardiac chambers) caused by a hole in the ventricular septum.

Pulmonary stenosis (PS): A narrowing of the valve leading to the lungs.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): A connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which usually closes at birth, remains open.

Coarctation of the aorta: A narrowing of the aorta - the main blood vessel leading from the heart.

The treatment for congenital heart disorders is usually surgery.

Types of Pain Relievers Drugs (Pain Killer)

Pain Relievers

Pain relievers fall into three broad categories, to treat different types and causes of pain. Work is also now underway in America to develop a whole new range of pain reliever drugs that are not addictive.

Paracetamols
The first category is the paracetamols, whose recommended daily dose is 4 grams per day for adults. Different kinds of paracetamol should never be mixed as there is a clear risk of exceeding this dosage. The best known brands are Panadol, Tylenol and Dafalgen. Paracetamols are used to reduce fever, ease headaches, joint and muscle pain by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system.

NSAIDs
These drugs (Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs), like the Paracetamols, should not be interchanged, not even with aspirin as there is a possibility of side effects. The main NSAIDs brands Diclofenac (Voltaren) and Ibuprofen (Brufen). This is a large class of pain reliever drugs used mainly to treat arthritis by interfering with the inflammatory process.

Opioids
The best known of these drugs, that work by reducing a patient\'s perception of pain are Codeine and Morphine, and like the above should not be mixed.

Other Pain Relievers
These include local anesthetics like Lignocaine, Bupivicaine and Ropivacaine, nerve blockers and epidurals.

An Intro of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Angiotensin is a protein that regulates constriction of blood vessels. Excess of angiotensin causes many cardiovascular problem. More contraction (narrowing) of blood vessels increases blood pressure and increase work load on heart.

Sudden drop of blood pressure may lead to stroke. Higher blood pressure damages blood vessels of entire body (including kidney). Damaged vessels may cause kidney malfunctions (medically known as Renal Failure) such as unable to remove wastes (harmfull chemicals and toxic) from blood and unwanted fluid from blood system. This may lead to further drop of blood pressure.

Angiotensin receptor blockers works by blocking action of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II receptors help relax blood vessels and, thereby, pressure exerted by blood on wall of vessels. It also increases width of vessels which stops further dilation.

Cough is one of prime side effects of ACE inhibiters. Angiotensin II receptors drug is prescribed as better alternative if pateint develops cough side effects. Like ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptors blockers are somewhat similar in action and different in producing side effects.

If you take an angiotensin II receptor blocker:

• You are less likely to have to go to hospital because of heart failure
• You are less likely to die of heart failure. The evidence for this is not as strong as it is for ACE inhibitors.

Side Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

• May affect kidney functioning
• Increases potassium level
• Low blood pressure (Most common)
• Diarrhea, muscle contraction or pain.
• Back or leg pain
• Sleeping problem. Can not fall asleep.
• Increase or descreas of heartbeat.
• Dizziness, lightheaded or faintness (These side effects may be severe if taken with diuretic drugs)
• Baffled or confused. Difficult in decision making.
• Dhydration caused by excess vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration may futher lower blood pressure. Contact physician immedietly if this happens.

Indications of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Angiotensin receptor blockers are indicated mainly for the treatment of high blood pressure. Because of its tendency to widen blood vessels it may also be prescribed for other heart related problem and stroke.

Drugs of Class Angiotensin II Receptors Blockers

• Avapro: Generic Avapro is an Angiotensin receptor blocker. Angiotensin receptor blockers are used for the treatment of high blood pressure, treatment of heart failure and prevention of kidney failure in diabetics.
• Atacand
• Benicar
• Cozaar
• Diovan
• Hyzaar
• Micardis

They also seem to have a beneficial effect on the kidney, particularly the kidneys of people with diabetes.

Retinopathy, a Diabetes Complication

What is Retinopathy
Who can develop retinopathy?
Retinopathy and blindness
Stages of retinopathy
Symptoms of proliferative retinopathy
Diagnosis Methods

Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the complications of diabetes. Patients of diabetes type 1 and diabetes type 2 are most likely to develop this disease. Retinopathy is the prime cause that leads to blindness. Early diagnosis and treatment helps avoid blindness.

Who can develop Retinopathy?

All diabetes type 1 and 2 patients are at highest risk to develop retinopathy. More than 40% of total diabetes patients develop retinopathy in initial or later stage. All the diabetes patients should get eye check up done at least once a year.Retinopathy may make health condition complicated for pregnant women. Diabetic women are highly recommended to go for eye check up before pregnancy.

How Retinopathy Cause Blindness?

Damaged blood retina capillaries can result in blindness in two ways.

1. Because of high glucose level leakage of blood and other fluid starts from retina blood capillaries. This is called proliferative retinopathy. Blindness is inevitable in proliferative retinopathy as it is the last stage.
2. In an eye ball, the part that directly gets light rays on it is called Macula. Leaked fluid and blood, when flows through macula, cause macula inflamed. This is called Macula Edema. Macula edema can occur at any stage of retinopathy. Macula edema progresses as retinopathy grows. Half of the patients with proliferative retinopathy also suffer macula edema.

Stages of Retinopathy as per Severeness

There are three stages before retinopathy become proliferative retinopathy. They are as below.

1. Mild Nonproliferative Retinopathy,
2. Moderate Nonproliferative Retinopathy,
3. Severe Nonproliferative Retinopathy,
4. Proliferative Retinopathy

What are the symptoms of proliferative retinopathy?

Initial stages of retinopathy do not show any symptoms. However, last stage (proliferative retinopathy) does. Red or black spots, floating blood drops in vision are some of the common signs (see left side  image). Floating blood drop is an alarm sign to immediately consult physician. Hemorrhage may occur because of more severe leakage.Sometimes blood drops may disappear out of vision without any treatment and you may get healthy vision. But that’s not going to be alright forever. In fact, that’s the sign of loosing eye sight sooner. As time pass the vision get so blurred that at one point patient see complete black.

Diagnosis Method of Macular Edema and Retinopathy

Eye check up of diabetic patients is different from check up of normal people. Complete check up for retinopathy includes five methods.

Visual acuity test

It is a blurred vision test. This is the basic check up for all, diabetic as well as normal people. Patient is asked to observer a chart kept at different distance. The distance is noted down at which patient’s vision is best.

Dilated Eye Exam

This is known as indirect ophthalmoscopy in medical language. In this check up doctor throws bright light ray in each eye with the help of special device.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT)

This is like CT scan of retina. Thickness of the retina is figured out with the help of cross section image obtained by scan. This check up is decisive for macular edema and inflamed retina.

Digital Fundus Fluorescein angiography

Special dye is injected in hand. An image is captured when dye flows through capillaries of retina. This is very effective method to spot leakages.

Slit Lamp Biomicroscopy Retinal Screening Programs

This program is used for early diagnosis of retinopathy. This method is may accompanied with other above mentioned diagnosis method to detect retinal problem.The only rule for diabetes patients that help avoid blindness is ‘Yearly (or as suggested by doctors) eye check up.

Antiplatelet or Anticoagulant Drugs Overview

Antiplatelet/Anticoagulant Drugs

Antiplatelet drugs work by blocking or reducing formation of blood colts by activating platelet substances and humoral coagulation system (A process that form blood clots). Although blood clotting is an essential natural process for healing, it may lead to dangerous and life threatening health condition if it happens in arteries, capilleries of heart.

When a person is wounded, body system sends platelets to the site which group together to form a blood clots which eventually stops the bleeding. Blood clots formation, even when a person is not bleeding because of injuries, blocks blood flow in heart artery and leads to heart attack (or any serious cardiovascular condition) and stroke

Antiplatelet drugs are effective drugs for serious heart related health condition such as stroke, heart attack, blockages in heart.

Depend upon type of action and mechanism Antiplatelet drugs are classified in four categories.

ADP Antagonists (ADP-receptor blockers: thienopyridines)

Phosphodiesterease Inhibitors

COX Inhibitors

GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors

 

ADP Antagonists also known as ADP-receptor blockers thienopyridines: Ticlopidine (Ticlid) and clopidogrel (Plavix) belong to this class. Drugs of this class blocks platelets aggregations by preventing binding of ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) to its receptors. Since platelets aggregation forms blood clots the interference stops formation of more blood clots.

Clopidogrel when taken along with aspirin lowers risk of other serious heart problem in patients with acute coronary syndromes by 18%-21%.

Phosphodiesterease (PDE) Inhibitors

PDE Inhibitors works by blocking uptake of platelets aggregating compounds such as adenosine and inhibits cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. Abundance of adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase causes an accumulation of adenosine, adenine nucleotides, and cyclic AMP which blocks platelet aggregation and vasodilation.\r\n\r\n

COX Inhibitors

Aspirin which fall in this category inhibits COX (Abbreviation of cyclooxygenase). COX play role of a mediator of the blood clotting process by generating an enzyme, known as Thromboxane, which activates platelets aggregation.

Aspirin along with other drug compound significantly reduces the risk of life threatening serious heart events in patients. It is also a first-line antiplatelet drug recommended for patients who are belived to be at risk of serious cardiovascular events.

GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors

These drugs have Eptifibatide as an active ingredient. Eptifibatide works by binding itself to receptors of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIa (GP is one of the platelets that triggers off blood clotting process) and leaves no place for glycoprotein IIb/IIa. This prevents the of fibrinogen and other adhesive ligands to bind its receptors and leads to blockade of platelet aggregation and prevents blood clots development.

Neurotransmitters, Depression and Medicines

Neurotransmitters play role of messenger of signals between Neurons (in nervous system) and cells. Job of Neurons is to generate and process information and transmit them with the help of Neurotransmitters. This process is called electrochemical signaling.

Since neurotransmitters carry signals from one point of the brain, they are an essential chemical for normal brain functionality. Neurotransmitters are responsible for both good functioning and malfunctioning of functions such as sleep, hunger, pain and above all mood.

What Does Anti Depressant Drugs Do?

Anti depressant drugs slow down lowering of particular Neurotransmitters known as norepinephrine and serotonin which are known to decide mood. Lack of these chemicals lead to extreme sadness, rapid change in mood, hopelessness, lack of interest in life, suicidal thoughts that are symptoms of severe depression. These drugs may also being indicated to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders, chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and menopausal symptoms.

Anti depressant drugs hold back re-absorption of serotonin and norepinephrine and thus making these natural chemicals available more in nervous system. This brings chemical balance and recedes depression symptoms.

Types of Anti Depressant Drugs

Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors

(SSRIs) Anti Depressants
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs act on the neurotransmitter serotonin only. Hence it shows relatively lesser side effects as compare to drugs of other class.

Tricyclic antidepressants\n(Tricyclics) Anti Depressants

Drugs of class tricyclics have been used before SSRIs to treat depression. Tricyclics drugs act on both serotonin and norepinephrine, and may also interact with other neurotransmitters in the body.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

(MAOIs) Anti Depressants
MAOI drugs act on all three neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. They are called monoamines. Enzyme of brain and liver known as Monoamine Oxidase burns these three monoamines once they finish sending messages to brain.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant drugs slow down burining process of monoamines. Thus it increases neurotransmitters in body.

Anti Depressant Drugs Of Class Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Drugs that are belong to SSRIs antidepressants group are.....

• Lexapro (Escitalopram as active ingredient)
• Celexa (Citalopram as active ingredient)
• Prozac ( Fluoxetine as active ingredient)
• Paxil (Paroxetine as active ingredient)
• Zoloft (Sertraline as active ingredient)

Anti Depressant Drugs of Type Tricyclic Antidepressants

• Elavil (Amitriptyline as active ingredient)
• Norpramin (Desipramine as active ingredient)
• Tofranil (Imipramine as active ingredient)
• Aventyl, Pamelor (nortriptyline as active ingredient)

Anti Depressant Drugs of Type MAO Inhibitors

• Marplan (isocarboxazid as active ingredient)
• Nardil (phenelzine as active ingredient)
• Parnate (tranylcypromine as active ingredient)

Rest of the Anti Depressants

• Wellbutrin
• Effexor
• Effexor XR
• Remeron
• Desyrel